Diferencia entre PCR/Antígenos /Anticuerpos
PCR/Antígenos /Anticuerpos .Principales diferencias entre PCR, Antígenos y Anticuerpos.
PCR
La PCR, siglas en inglés significan ‘Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa’, es una prueba de diagnóstico que detecta un fragmento del material genético de un patógeno, que en el caso del coronavirus es una molécula de ARN.
- Si tras el análisis en un laboratorio de microbiología de una muestra respiratoria de una persona sospechosa de estar infectada, la prueba detecta ARN del virus, el resultado es positivo y se confirma que esa persona está infectada por el SARS-CoV-2.
- Si la técnica de la PCR no detecta el material genético del virus, la persona no estaría infectada, o al menos la muestra no contiene su material genético (puede ser un falso negativo porque la muestra esté mal cogida, por ejemplo); cuando hay una sospecha clínica importante se debe realizar otra prueba para asegurar que el paciente no está infectado por el virus.
Test de Antígenos
Los Test de Antígenos realizan a través de una muestra nasofaríngea y detectan algunas proteínas del virus en 10 – 15 minutos.
- Ventajas: Rápido y asequible y rápido. Se presume un precio similar al test rápido de anticuerpos. Cuentan alrededor de 4 euros.
- Desventajas: No es tan sensible como la PCR.
Test Rápido de Anticuerpos
Los Test Rápidos de Anticuerpos permiten conocer en 10-15 minutos si una persona tiene anticuerpos o no. Detectan lo mismo que los test serológicos, pero con menos sensibilidad. A diferencia de los test serológicos en los que se necesita un tubo de sangre, en estos test rápidos solo se necesita una gota de sangre del dedo.
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